Senin, 30 Mei 2011

family

in human context, a family is a group of people affiliated by consanguinity, affinity, or co-residence. In most societies it is the principal institution for the socialization of children. Extended from the human "family unit" by biological-cultural affinity, marriage, economy, culture, tradition, honour, and friendship are concepts of family that are physical and metaphorical, or that grow increasingly inclusive extending to community, village, city, region, nationhood, global village and humanism. A family group consisting of a father, mother and their children is called a nuclear family. This term can be contrasted with an extended family.

There are also concepts of family that break with tradition within particular societies, or those that are transplanted via migration to flourish or else cease within their new societies. As a unit of socialization and a basic institution key to the structure of society, the family is the object of analysis for sociologists of the family. Genealogy is a field which aims to trace family lineages through history. In science, the term "family" has come to be used as a means to classify groups of objects as being closely and exclusively related. In the study of animals it has been found that many species form groups that have similarities to human "family"—often called "packs."

Sabtu, 28 Mei 2011

About Jakarta

About jakarta

Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of Java, it has an area of 661 square kilometres (255 sq mi) and a 2010 census count population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre. It is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia, and is the tenth-largest city in the world. The urban area, Jabodetabek, is the fourth largest in the world. Jakarta is listed as a global city in the 2008 Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) research.[6] The city's name is derived from the Old Javanese word "Jayakarta" which translates as "victorious deed", "complete act", or "complete victory".

Established in the fourth century, the city became an important trading port for the Kingdom of Sunda. It grew as the capital of the colonial Dutch East Indies. It was made capital of Indonesia when the country became independent after World War II. It was formerly known as Sunda Kelapa (397–1527), Jayakarta (1527–1619), Batavia (1619–1942), and Djakarta (1942–1972). Jakarta has also been known as the Big Durian by most Indonesians and some foreigners. Landmarks include the National Monument and Istiqlal Mosque. The city is the seat of the ASEAN Secretariat. Jakarta is served by the Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport, and Tanjung Priok Harbour; it is connected by several intercity and commuter railways, and served by several bus lines running on reserved busways.

Officially, Jakarta is not a city, but a province with special status as the capital of Indonesia. It has a governor (instead of a mayor), and is divided into several sub-regions with their own administrative systems. As a province, the official name of Jakarta is Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta ("Special Capital City District of Jakarta"), which in Indonesian is abbreviated to DKI Jakarta.

Jakarta is divided into five kota or kotamadya ("cities" - formerly municipalities), each headed by a mayor, and one regency (kabupaten) headed by a regent. In August 2007, Jakarta held its first ever election to choose a governor, whereas previously the city's governors were appointed by the local house of representatives. The poll is part of a country-wide decentralization drive, allowing for direct local elections in several areas. The cities/municipalities of Jakarta are:

  • Central Jakarta (Jakarta Pusat) is Jakarta's smallest city and home to most of Jakarta's administrative and political center. It is characterized by large parks and Dutch colonial buildings. Landmarks include the National Monument (Monas), the Istiqlal Mosque, the Jakarta Cathedral, and museums.[31]
  • West Jakarta (Jakarta Barat) has the highest concentration of small-scale industries in Jakarta. The area includes Jakarta's Chinatown and landmarks include the Chinese Langgam building and the Toko Merah building. West Jakarta contains part of the Jakarta Old TownSouth Jakarta (Jakarta Selatan), originally planned as a satellite city, is now the location of large upscale shopping centres and affluent residential areas. Jakarta Selatan functions as Jakarta's ground water buffer but recently the green belt areas are threatened by new developments. Much of the CBD area of Jakarta is concentrated in Setia Budi, South Jakarta, bordering the Tanah Abang/Sudirman area of Central Jakarta.
  • East Jakarta (Jakarta Timur) territory is characterized by several industrial sectors erected in this city. There are also still some areas of swamps and rice fields in this city.[34]
  • North Jakarta (Jakarta Utara) is the only city in Jakarta that is bounded by the sea (Java Sea). It is the location of the Tanjung Priok Port. Big-scale and medium-scale industries are concentrated in North Jakarta. North Jakarta contains the location of Jakarta Old Town, formerly known as Batavia since the 17th century, and was a centre of VOC trade activity in Dutch East Indies. Also located in North Jakarta is Ancol Dreamland (Taman Impian Jaya Ancol), currently the largest integrated tourism area in South East Asia

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

Public transport (also public transportation or public transit) is a shared passenger transportation service which is available for use by the general public, as distinct from modes such as Taxicab, car pooling or hired busses which are not shared by strangers without private arrangement.Public transport modes include buses, trolleybuses, trams and trains, 'rapid transit' (metro/subways/undergrounds etc) and ferries. Intercity public transport is dominated by airlines, coaches, and intercity rail. High-speed rail networks are being developed in many parts of the world.Most public transport runs to a scheduled timetable with the most frequent services running to a headway.

Share taxi offers on-demand services in many parts of the world and some services will wait until the vehicle is full before it starts. Paratransit is sometimes used in areas of low-demand and for people who need a door-to-door service. Urban public transport may be provided by one or more private transport operators or by a transit authority. Public transport services are usually funded by fares charged to each passenger. Services are normally regulated and possibly subsidized from local or national tax revenue. Fully-subsidized, zero-fare services operate in some towns and cities.

A. TRAIN

Passenger rail transport is the conveyance of passengers by means of wheeled vehicles specially designed to run on railways. Trains allow high capacity on short or long distance, but require track, signalling, infrastructure and stations to be built and maintained. Urban rail transit consists of trams, light rail, rapid transit, people movers, commuter rail, monorail suspension railways and funiculars.

Trains connect big cities. Some trains are dirty and are full with passengers. At the end of "Ramadhan" (the fasting month for Moslems), many people go back from big cities (such as Jakarta) to their villages where they came from. At that time, people even hang outside the trains! Dangerous indeed. Trains between Jakarta and Bandung (called the "Parahyangan" train) is good and clean. I recommend this. Some of the coaches are air-conditioned (the executive class). It costs Rp. 20.000,- (for business class) and Rp. 32.000,- (for the executive class). The ride lasts around 3 hours. There is also a faster train between Bandung and Jakarta called the "Argogede" train. The cost is Rp. 40.000,- and the ride takes 2.5 hours. Have a look at the schedule.

2.BUSWAY

BUSWAY IS EFFECTIVE TRANSPORTATION

We often hear about problem of transportation in Jakarta is the most exist ever occur. Traffic in Jakarta is increasingly crowded situation in Jakarta . the causes of traffic jam is the number of vehicles are bigger than the space of road. Busway is one of solution and effective transportation to decreasing traffic jam in Jakarta but the problem uses of busway is an appropriate choice have no conclusion.Some people agree with argue that busway is effective transportation because busway can be able to give feeling pleasantly relaxed and safety to The passenger. Only Rp 3.500,- you can treveling around of Jakarta.

Busway have a speciall lane not only can make destination quickly but also avoid from the traffic jam. Busway service is also have a differences from other buses , no conductor , smell of cigarette , and no pollution. For pregnant woman and elderly a priority to get a seat. If the passenger is full, driver won’t stop at the next shelter. Busway also have complete with radio communication which the passenger can be able to give and get information about traffic jam , accidents and giving information about the passenger’s luggages thet were left.On the other hand , busway is the cause of traffic jam in Jakarta because 1/3 lane of busway from road already using especially for busway , as a result the street become tighter and full with many vehicles not only from car but also motorcycle.

The busway’s time schedule is also not on time which cause the passenger to queue at the busway shelter, this happens due to the limited bus that haven’t covered every place in Jakarta. In the shelter of busway that haven’t a toilet for the passenger. The Busway facilities get spoilt so much, for example many of graffiti on the wall’s shelter, many bridge floors thets filled with holes, stairs that are not in good shape , glasses that are not fixed, these things occur in busway station on Jl.MT. haryono and Jatinegara.Disadvantages economics of busway is about 8 – 42 trillion. The main purpose of busway is to switch private transportation users into public transportation users still can’t be achieved.In conclusion, for the hippest system of transportation operate there’s must be some balace and comfort , and this time busway has done well. Busway already as public transportation eventhough there are still many things that are supposed to be fixed from the transportation management side and its work. In the future we hope that the busway can be the best transportation that people dream of.

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