PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

Public transport (also public transportation or public transit) is a shared passenger transportation service which is available for use by the general public, as distinct from modes such as Taxicab, car pooling or hired busses which are not shared by strangers without private arrangement.Public transport modes include buses, trolleybuses, trams and trains, 'rapid transit' (metro/subways/undergrounds etc) and ferries. Intercity public transport is dominated by airlines, coaches, and intercity rail. High-speed rail networks are being developed in many parts of the world.Most public transport runs to a scheduled timetable with the most frequent services running to a headway.

Share taxi offers on-demand services in many parts of the world and some services will wait until the vehicle is full before it starts. Paratransit is sometimes used in areas of low-demand and for people who need a door-to-door service. Urban public transport may be provided by one or more private transport operators or by a transit authority. Public transport services are usually funded by fares charged to each passenger. Services are normally regulated and possibly subsidized from local or national tax revenue. Fully-subsidized, zero-fare services operate in some towns and cities.

A. TRAIN

Passenger rail transport is the conveyance of passengers by means of wheeled vehicles specially designed to run on railways. Trains allow high capacity on short or long distance, but require track, signalling, infrastructure and stations to be built and maintained. Urban rail transit consists of trams, light rail, rapid transit, people movers, commuter rail, monorail suspension railways and funiculars.

Trains connect big cities. Some trains are dirty and are full with passengers. At the end of "Ramadhan" (the fasting month for Moslems), many people go back from big cities (such as Jakarta) to their villages where they came from. At that time, people even hang outside the trains! Dangerous indeed. Trains between Jakarta and Bandung (called the "Parahyangan" train) is good and clean. I recommend this. Some of the coaches are air-conditioned (the executive class). It costs Rp. 20.000,- (for business class) and Rp. 32.000,- (for the executive class). The ride lasts around 3 hours. There is also a faster train between Bandung and Jakarta called the "Argogede" train. The cost is Rp. 40.000,- and the ride takes 2.5 hours. Have a look at the schedule.

2.BUSWAY

BUSWAY IS EFFECTIVE TRANSPORTATION

We often hear about problem of transportation in Jakarta is the most exist ever occur. Traffic in Jakarta is increasingly crowded situation in Jakarta . the causes of traffic jam is the number of vehicles are bigger than the space of road. Busway is one of solution and effective transportation to decreasing traffic jam in Jakarta but the problem uses of busway is an appropriate choice have no conclusion.Some people agree with argue that busway is effective transportation because busway can be able to give feeling pleasantly relaxed and safety to The passenger. Only Rp 3.500,- you can treveling around of Jakarta.

Busway have a speciall lane not only can make destination quickly but also avoid from the traffic jam. Busway service is also have a differences from other buses , no conductor , smell of cigarette , and no pollution. For pregnant woman and elderly a priority to get a seat. If the passenger is full, driver won’t stop at the next shelter. Busway also have complete with radio communication which the passenger can be able to give and get information about traffic jam , accidents and giving information about the passenger’s luggages thet were left.On the other hand , busway is the cause of traffic jam in Jakarta because 1/3 lane of busway from road already using especially for busway , as a result the street become tighter and full with many vehicles not only from car but also motorcycle.

The busway’s time schedule is also not on time which cause the passenger to queue at the busway shelter, this happens due to the limited bus that haven’t covered every place in Jakarta. In the shelter of busway that haven’t a toilet for the passenger. The Busway facilities get spoilt so much, for example many of graffiti on the wall’s shelter, many bridge floors thets filled with holes, stairs that are not in good shape , glasses that are not fixed, these things occur in busway station on Jl.MT. haryono and Jatinegara.Disadvantages economics of busway is about 8 – 42 trillion. The main purpose of busway is to switch private transportation users into public transportation users still can’t be achieved.In conclusion, for the hippest system of transportation operate there’s must be some balace and comfort , and this time busway has done well. Busway already as public transportation eventhough there are still many things that are supposed to be fixed from the transportation management side and its work. In the future we hope that the busway can be the best transportation that people dream of.

fitri apriliana

20208521

3eb03

EDUCATION

EDUCATION

Education in the largest sense is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character or physical ability of an individual. In its technical sense, education is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills, and values from one generation to another.Etymologically, the word education is derived from educare (Latin) "bring up", which is related to educere "bring out", "bring forth what is within", "bring out potential" and ducere, "to lead".Teachers in educational institutions direct the education of students and might draw on many subjects, including reading, writing, mathematics, science and history. This process is sometimes called schooling when referring to the education of teaching only a certain subject, usually as professors at institutions of higher learning. There is also education in fields for those who want specific vocational skills, such as those required to be a pilot. In addition there is an array of education possible at the informal level, such as in museums and libraries, with the Internet and in life experience.

Many non-traditional education options are now available and continue to evolve. One of the most substantial uses in education is the use of technology. Classrooms of the 21st century contain interactive white boards, iPads, iPods, laptops, etc. Teachers are encouraged to embed these technological devices in the curriculum in order to enhance students learning and meet the needs of various types of learners.A right to education has been created and recognized by some jurisdictions: since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. At world level, the United Nations' International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13.

Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or post secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school, secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.

Higher education includes teaching, research and social services activities of universities, and within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level (sometimes referred to as tertiary education) and the graduate (or postgraduate) level (sometimes referred to as graduate school). Higher education generally involves work towards a degree-level or foundation degree qualification. In most developed countries a high proportion of the population (up to 50%) now enter higher education at some time in their lives. Higher education is therefore very important to national economies, both as a significant industry in its own right, and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy.

ABOUT SPORT

SPORT

A sport is an organized, competitive, entertaining, and skillful activity requiring commitment, strategy, and fair play, in which a winner can be defined by objective means. Generally speaking, a sport is a game based in physical athleticism. Activities such as board games and card games are sometimes classified as "mind sports," but strictly speaking "sport" by itself refers to some physical activity. Non-competitive activities may also qualify, for example though jogging or playing catch are usually classified as forms of recreation, they may also be informally called "sports" due to their similarity to competitive games.Sports are governed by a set of rules or customs. Physical events such as scoring goals or crossing a line first often define the result of a sport.

However, the degree of skill and performance in some sports such as diving, dressage and figure skating is judged according to well-defined criteria. This is in contrast with other judged activities such as beauty pageants and body building, where skill does not have to be shown and the criteria are not as well defined.While practices may vary, sports participants are expected to display good sportsmanship, and observe standards of conduct such as being respectful of opponents and officials, and congratulating the winner when losing.

Sports have been increasingly organized and regulated from the time of the ancient Olympics up to the present century. Industrialization has brought increased leisure time to the citizens of developed and developing countries, leading to more time for citizens to attend and follow spectator sports, greater participation in athletic activities, and increased accessibility. These trends continued with the advent of mass media and global communication. Professionalism became prevalent, further adding to the increase in sport's popularity, as sports fans began following the exploits of professional athletes through radio, television, and the internet—all while enjoying the exercise and competition associated with amateur participation in sports.In the New Millennium, new sports have been going further from the physical aspect to the mental or psychological aspect of competing. Electronic sports organizations are becoming more and more popular.

SPORT IN INDONESIA

Sports are popular in Indonesia from both the participation and spectating aspect. Racket sports, like badminton, are popular sports in Indonesia. Sporting events in Indonesia are organized by the Indonesian National Sport Committee (Komite Olahraga Nasional Indonesia or KONI). The organisation, along with the Indonesian government have set the National Sports Day on September 9.

1. BADMINTON

Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that is divided by a net. Players score points by striking a shuttlecock (also known as a shuttle, bird, or birdy) with their racquet so that it passes over the net and lands in their opponents' half of the court. Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. A rally ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor. The shuttlecock (or shuttle) is a feathered projectile whose unique aerodynamic properties cause it to fly differently from the balls used in most racquet sports; in particular, the feathers create much higher drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly than a ball. Shuttlecocks have a much higher top speed, when compared to other racquet sports. Because shuttlecock flight is affected by wind, competitive badminton is played indoors. Badminton is also played outdoors as a casual recreational activity, often as a garden or beach game.

Since 1992, badminton has been an Olympic sport with five events: men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles, and mixed doubles, in which each pair consists of a man and a woman. At high levels of play, the sport demands excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, agility, strength, speed and precision. It is also a technical sport, requiring good motor coordination and the development of sophisticated racquet movements.

In indonesia,Badminton is Indonesia's most successful sport. Indonesia has won a gold medal in badminton in every Olympic Games since the sport was first introduced to the Olympics in 1992. In 1992 it came from Alan Budikusuma in men's singles, and Susi Susanti in women's singles. In 1996 Ricky Subagja and Rexy Mainaky got the gold medal men's doubles. In 2000 Candra Wijaya and Tony Gunawan won the gold medal in men's doubles. In the 2004 Taufik Hidayat won a gold medal in men's singles. In Beijing Olympic 2008, Indonesia won a gold medal through men's doubles, Markis Kido and Hendra Setiawan.Indonesian badminton athletes have played in Indonesia Open Badminton Championship, All England Open Badminton Championships and many international events, including summer olympics ever since badminton is played again in the 1992 Summer Olympics. Rudy Hartono is an Indonesian legendary badminton player, who has succeeded to win All England titles six times in a row. Out of all participating nations, Indonesia won the most games in the Thomas Cup (Men Nations Badminton Championship), winning 13 out of 24. In addition to that, Indonesia won the Uber Cup 3 times. (Women Nations Badminton Championship).

2. Football

Football is popular in Indonesia. It is played on all levels, from children to middle-aged men. The domestic league is popular. Some of the major teams include: Persija Jakarta, Persib Bandung, Persebaya Surabaya, PSM Makassar, PSMS Medan, PSIS Semarang, Persik Kediri, Persipura Jayapura, Persiwa Wamena and Arema Malang. The national body is the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI). The Indonesian football league started around 1930 in the Dutch colonial era. In 1993, PSSI combined the existing 2 amateur competitions to be a single professional competition for football clubs, known as the Indonesian Football League (Liga Indonesia). From 1994 to 2007, the format of the top division competition was a combination of double round-robin format and a single eliminations second round for several top teams of the table to decide the champions. Starting from 2008 Season onwards, the competition format changed into a more common system that also being used in most European football leagues. The single elimination round was removed and the competition has become a full double round-robin league system. The name also changed into Indonesia Super League. makayla loves christian.

On the international stage, Indonesia experienced limited success despite being the first Asian team to qualify for the FIFA World Cup in 1938. In 1956, the football team played in the Olympics and played a hard-fought draw against then footballing superpower USSR with the legendary Lev Yashin playing under the goal for USSR. On the continent level, Indonesia won the bronze medal once in football in the 1958 Asian Games. Indonesia's first appearance in Asian Cup was back in 1996. With a draw against Kuwait in their first match and then the lost if the following two matches against South Korea and the UAE, made the Indonesian team come back home early.

FITRI APRILIANA
20208521
3EB03

Kelebihan dan kelemahan dalam pembelajaran bahasa inggris bisnis

Kelebihan dan kelemahan dalam pembelajaran bahasa inggris bisnis

Kelebihan bahasa inggris bisnis
 Mempercepat kemajuan karir, dapat lebih menguasai bahasa inggris dalam kata atau kalimat-kalimat bahasa inggris yang dipakai dalam bisnis
 Membuka jendela bisnis lebih lebar
 Mengerti tentang grammar,dapat mnguasai TOEFL
 menaklukan internet
 dapat mengejar kesempatan bisnis ke luar negeri

Kelemahan bahasa inggris bisnis
 Hanya terbatas dengan bahasa atau istilah dalam dunia bisnis saja
 tidak dapat dipahami oleh bahasa inggris pada umumnya.
 Tidak dapat digunakan dalam kegiatan sehari-hari pada umunya
 bahasa lain akan hilang karena hanya menggunakan bahasa inggris dalam melakukan bisnis

Liberalisme

Liberalisme atau Liberal adalah sebuah ideologi, pandangan filsafat, dan tradisi politik yang didasarkan pada pemahaman bahwa kebebasan adalah nilai politik yang utama. Secara umum, liberalisme mencita-citakan suatu masyarakat yang bebas, dicirikan oleh kebebasan berpikir bagi para individu. Paham liberalisme menolak adanya pembatasan, khususnya dari pemerintah dan agama. Liberalisme menghendaki adanya, pertukaran gagasan yang bebas, ekonomi pasar yang mendukung usaha pribadi (private enterprise) yang relatif bebas, dan suatu sistem pemerintahan yang transparan, dan menolak adanya pembatasan terhadap pemilikan individu. Oleh karena itu paham liberalisme lebih lanjut menjadi dasar bagi tumbuhnya kapitalisme.

Dalam masyarakat modern, liberalisme akan dapat tumbuh dalam sistem demokrasi, hal ini dikarenakan keduanya sama-sama mendasarkan kebebasan mayoritas. Bandingkan Liberalisme atau Liberal adalah sebuah ideologi, pandangan filsafat, dan tradisi politik yang didasarkan pada pemahaman bahwa kebebasan adalah nilai politik yang utama

Contoh :
1. Secara umum, liberalisme mencita-citakan suatu masyarakat yang bebas, dicirikan oleh kebebasan berpikir bagi para individu.
2. Paham liberalisme menolak adanya pembatasan, khususnya dari pemerintah dan agama.
3. Liberalisme menghendaki adanya, pertukaran gagasan yang bebas, ekonomi pasar yang mendukung usaha pribadi (private enterprise) yang relatif bebas, dan suatu sistem pemerintahan yang transparan, dan menolak adanya pembatasan terhadap pemilikan individu. Oleh karena itu paham liberalisme lebih lanjut menjadi dasar bagi tumbuhnya kapitalisme.