Weather

Weather

Weather is the state of the atmosphere, to the degree that it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy. Most weather phenomena occur in the troposphere, just below the stratosphere. Weather refers, generally, to day-to-day temperature and precipitation activity, whereas climate is the term for the average atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time. When used without qualification, "weather" is understood to be the weather of Earth.

Weather is driven by density (temperature and moisture) differences between one place and another. These differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot, which varies by latitude from the tropics. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the jet stream. Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow. Because the Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane, sunlight is incident at different angles at different times of the year. On Earth's surface, temperatures usually range ±40 °C (100 °F to −40 °F) annually. Over thousands of years, changes in Earth's orbit affect the amount and distribution of solar energy received by the Earth and influence long-term climate and global climate change.

Surface temperature differences in turn cause pressure differences. Higher altitudes are cooler than lower altitudes due to differences in compressional heating. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location. The atmosphere is a chaotic system, so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole. Human attempts to control the weather have occurred throughout human history, and there is evidence that human activity such as agriculture and industry has inadvertently modified weather patterns.

Studying how the weather works on other planets has been helpful in understanding how weather works on Earth. A famous landmark in the Solar System, Jupiter's Great Red Spot, is an anticyclonic storm known to have existed for at least 300 years. However, weather is not limited to planetary bodies. A star's corona is constantly being lost to space, creating what is essentially a very thin atmosphere throughout the Solar System. The movement of mass ejected from the Sun is known as the solar wind.

www.wikipedia.com

SISTEM PEMBELIAN BAHAN POKOK

SISTEM PEMBELIAN BAHAN POKOK


Siklus ini digunakan untuk brang dagangan yang memiliki siklus pesanan-penerimaan-pesanan yang relative dapat diramalkan. Akan tetapi system ini tidak dapat duganakan untuk barang-barang fesyen, karena system ini menggunakan data pada masa lalu yang digunakan untuk meramal penjualan di masa yang akan datang.


Laporan Manajemen Persediaan

Dalam laporan manajemen persediaan, disiapkan segala informasi mengenai persediaan digudang, kecepatan penjualan, jumlah pemesanan, pergantian persediaan, ramalan penjualan, dan jumlah yang harus dipesan untuk setiap SKU.
Laporan manajemen persediaan terdiri atas:
1. Daftar stock dasar

Daftar ini terdiri atas nomor stock dan deskripsi barang, berapa banyak barang yang tersedia dan yang dipesan, serta penjualan selama 4 hungga 12 minggu terakhir.
2. Perputaran persediaan

Pergantian persediaan yang direncanakan dibuat berdasarkan tujuan keuangan keseluruhan dan mengendalikan system manajemen persediaan.
3. Ketersediaan produk

Untuk menentukan berapa banyak produk yang harus tersedia diperlukan keputusan manajerial yang rumit.
4. Stok cadangan

Stok cadangan adalah stok yang digunakan untuk berjaga-jaga jika terjadi kehabisan stok yang dikarenakan permintaan melebihi jumlah yang diperkirakan atau ketika kedatangan barang tertunda.
5. Peramalan

Salah satu teknik untuk meramalkan penjualan adalah dengan penghalusan eksponensial (smoothing exponential), di mana penjualan di periode waktu yang lalu diberi bobot untuk meramalkan penjualan di periode mendatang.

Jenis ramalan yang menggunakan penghalusan eksponensial adalah permintaan nonmusiman, yaitu meramalkan permintaan tanpa mempertimbangkan pengaruh musiman.
6. Titik pemesanan

Titik pemesanan adalah jumlah barang minimum yang harus tersedia, sehingga barang tidak boleh habis sebelum pesanan berikutnya datang.
7. Jumlah yang dipesan

Jumlah yang dipesan adalah selisih antara jumlah yang tersedia dan titik pemesanan.

Kartu skor berimbang

Kartu skor berimbang

(BALANCE SCORECARD)

Kartu skor berimbang (bahasa Inggris: balanced scorecard, BSC) adalah suatu konsep untuk mengukur apakah aktivitas-aktivitas operasional suatu perusahaan dalam skala yang lebih kecil sejalan dengan sasaran yang lebih besar dalam hal visi dan strategi. BSC pertama kali dikembangkan dan digunakan pada perusahaan Analog Devices pada tahun 1987. Dengan tidak berfokus hanya pada berfokus pada hasil finansial melainkan juga masalah manusia, BSC membantu memberikan pandangan yang lebih menyeluruh pada suatu perusahaan yang pada gilirannya akan membantu organisasi untuk bertindak sesuai tujuan jangka panjangnya. Sistem manajemen strategis membantu manajer untuk berfokus pada ukuran kinerja sambil menyeimbangkan sasaran finansial dengan perspektif pelanggan, proses, dan karyawan.

Pada tahun 1992, Robert S. Kaplan dan David P. Norton mulai mempublikasikan kartu skor berimbang melalui rangkaian artikel-artikel jurnal dan buku The Balanced Scorecard pada tahun 1996. Sejak diperkenalkannya konsep aslinya, BSC telah menjadi lahan subur untuk pengembangan teori dan penelitian, dan banyak praktisi yang telah menyimpang dari artikel asli Kaplan dan Norton. Kaplan dan Norton sendiri melakukan tinjauan ulang terhadap konsep ini satu dasawarsa kemudian berdasarkan pengalaman penerapan yang mereka lakukan.

Di Indonesia, fenomena lain penggunaan BSC di pelbagai perusahaan cenderung jor joran dan mengarah ke asal (latah). Jika kita sebutkan beberapa nama perusahaan milik negara (BUMN) dari yang beraset besar hingga bermodal cekak, rata-rata sudah mengadopsi konsep BSC ini. Namun jika ditelaah saksama, ketahuan BSC sb sebatas konsep, tidak jelas ujung pangkal. Alhasil, meski sudah rame-rame menggunakan konsep BSC, pengelolaan BUMN masih tidak beranjak dari keadaan seperti 30 tahun lalu. Pekerja malas dan tidak produktif tetap digaji dan menikmati kenaikan pangkat. Orang berpretasi dan andal dihargai setara orang bodoh, asal sama-sama karyawan. Tidak ada yang dipecat karena berbuat salah. Pengelolaan keuangan sesuka hati yang sedang menjadi direksi. (POY)

saham...

Saham

Saham adalah satuan nilai atau pembukuan dalam berbagai instrumen finansial yang mengacu pada bagian kepemilikan sebuah perusahaan. Dengan menerbitkan saham, memungkinkan perusahaan-perusahaan yang membutuhkan pendanaan jangka panjang untuk 'menjual' kepentingan dalam bisnis - saham (efek ekuitas) - dengan imbalan uang tunai.

Ini adalah metode utama untuk meningkatkan modal bisnis selain menerbitkan obligasi. Saham dijual melalui pasar primer atau pasar sekunder

Jenis Saham dan Karakteristiknya

a. Saham Preferen

Saham Preferen memiliki karakteristik sebagai berikut Memiliki berbagai tingkat, dapat diterbitkan dengan karakteristik yang berbeda

• Tagihan terhadap aktiva dan pendapatan, memiliki prioritas lebih tinggi dari saham biasa dalam hal pembagian dividen
• dividen kumulatif, bila belum dibayarkan dari periode sebelumnya maka dapat dibayarkan pada periode berjalan dan lebih dahulu dari saham biasa
• Konvertibilitas, dapat ditukar menjadi saham biasa, bila kesepakatan antara pemegang saham dan organisasi penerbit terbentuk

b. Saham Biasa

Memiliki karakteristik:

Hak suara pemegang saham, dapat memillih dewan komisaris

• Hak didahulukan, bila organisasi penerbit menerbitkan saham baru
• Tanggung jawab terbatas, pada jumlah yang diberikan saja

about ubud town

Ubud Town

Ubud is a town on the Indonesian island of Bali. The town is located amongst rice paddies and steep ravines in the island's central foothills in the Gianyar regency. One of Bali's major arts and culture centres, it has developed a large tourism industry. Ubud town is considered to be the artistic and cultural center of the island.

Ubud has a population of about 8,000 people, but it is becoming difficult to distinguish the town itself from the villages that surround it. Ubud is built in 8th century, legend tells of a Javanese priest, Rsi Markendya, who meditated at the confluence of two rivers (an auspicious site for Hindus) at the Ubud locality of Campuan. Here he founded the Gunung Lebah Temple on the valley floor.

The main street is Jalan Raya Ubud (Jl. Raya means main road), which runs east-west through the center of town. Two long roads, Jalan Monkey Forest and Jalan Hanoman, extend south from Jl. Raya Ubud. Puri Saren Agung is a large palace located at the intersection of Monkey Forest and Raya Ubud roads

The Popular destination for tourist in Ubud are a Monkey Forest, a small nature reserve Monkey Forest Park houses a temple and over 200 monkeys, mostly macaques. Goa Gajah (Elephant Cave), 3 km east from Ubud. A popular little excursion from Ubud, the centerpiece here is a cave, whose entrance is an ornately carved demon's mouth. Museum Puri Lukisan (Museum of Fine Arts)Three buildings showcasing traditional and modern Balinese art. The displays are musty and English labeling is a little spotty, but some of the works, particularly the carvings, are quite amazing.

Ubud tourism focuses on culture, yoga and nature. In contrast to the main tourist area in southern Bali, the Ubud area has forests, rivers, cooler temperatures and less congestion although traffic has increased dramatically in the 21st century. A number of smaller "boutique"-style hotels are located in and around Ubud, which commonly offer spa treatments or treks up Ubud's mountains.

Ubud is the shopper's paradise of Bali . Ubud Market is a Located at the corner of the Main Road and Monkey Forest Road, it is right in the heart of Ubud. The front corner has most of the gift items for the tourist trade , The back, opposite corner is aimed at the local trade with more clothing and a very nice selection of sarong shops, Here also find seamstresses who will gladly make up a temple outfit for you or sew you a nice dress from a favorite sarong.

Other Points of interst in Ubud is The Moon of Pejeng, in nearby Pejeng, is the largest single-cast bronze kettle drum in the world.

Taken from :http:// www.frommers.com/destinations/ubud/0346010031.html#ixzz0VaxrxsME

BUSWAY IS EFFECTIVE TRANSPORTATION

BUSWAY IS EFFECTIVE TRANSPORTATION

We often hear about problem of transportation in Jakarta is the most exist ever occur. Traffic in Jakarta is increasingly crowded situation in Jakarta . the causes of traffic jam is the number of vehicles are bigger than the space of road. Busway is one of solution and effective transportation to decreasing traffic jam in Jakarta but the problem uses of busway is an appropriate choice have no conclusion.

Some people agree with argue that busway is effective transportation because busway can be able to give feeling pleasantly relaxed and safety to The passenger. Only Rp 3.500,- you can treveling around of Jakarta. Busway have a speciall lane not only can make destination quickly but also avoid from the traffic jam. Busway service is also have a differences from other buses , no conductor , smell of cigarette , and no pollution. For pregnant woman and elderly a priority to get a seat. If the passenger is full, driver won’t stop at the next shelter. Busway also have complete with radio communication which the passenger can be able to give and get information about traffic jam , accidents and giving information about the passenger’s luggages thet were left.

On the other hand , busway is the cause of traffic jam in Jakarta because 1/3 lane of busway from road already using especially for busway , as a result the street become tighter and full with many vehicles not only from car but also motorcycle. The busway’s time schedule is also not on time which cause the passenger to queue at the busway shelter, this happens due to the limited bus that haven’t covered every place in Jakarta. In the shelter of busway that haven’t a toilet for the passenger. The Busway facilities get spoilt so much, for example many of graffiti on the wall’s shelter, many bridge floors thets filled with holes, stairs that are not in good shape , glasses that are not fixed, these things occur in busway station on Jl.MT. haryono and Jatinegara.

Disadvantages economics of busway is about 8 – 42 trillion. The main purpose of busway is to switch private transportation users into public transportation users still can’t be achieved.

In conclusion, for the hippest system of transportation operate there’s must be some balace and comfort , and this time busway has done well. Busway already as public transportation eventhough there are still many things that are supposed to be fixed from the transportation management side and its work. In the future we hope that the busway can be the best transportation that people dream of.